What materials are used for plum blossom disc-head bolts?

The materials commonly used for bolts include stainless steel (such as 304 and 316), carbon steel, and alloy steel. Among these, stainless steel is widely used due to its excellent corrosion resistance, while carbon steel and alloy steel are often chosen for applications requiring high strength. Depending on the specific service environment and performance requirements, different materials each have their own advantages.

Common Material Types and Their Characteristics

Stainless steel (304, 316)

Excellent corrosion resistance, suitable for humid, outdoor, or chemically corrosive environments; 
304 stainless steel is a versatile, cost-effective grade widely used in fields such as food machinery, medical devices, and electronic equipment. 
316 stainless steel contains molybdenum, offering enhanced resistance to chloride corrosion and making it suitable for marine or high-salt-mist environments.

Carbon steel (including medium-carbon steel and low-carbon steel)

High strength, low cost, suitable for general industrial applications; 
Its strength can be enhanced to Grade 8.8 or even Grade 10.9 through heat treatment (such as tempering). 
The surface is often coated with galvanized, Dacromet, or phosphating treatments to enhance its rust resistance.

Alloy steel

It boasts higher tensile strength and toughness, making it suitable for heavy-load and high-vibration operating conditions. 
Commonly used in critical connection areas such as automobiles, rail transit, and heavy machinery.

Other optional materials: copper, aluminum, titanium alloy

Copper and aluminum materials are primarily used in applications requiring electrical conductivity or lightweight design, but they have relatively low strength. 
Titanium alloys are used in high-end fields such as aerospace, combining high strength with lightweight properties, but they come at a higher cost.